AGROCHEMICAL APPLICATION/FERTILIZER PROTOCOL FOR TOMATO AND OTHER VEGGIES IN WET SEASON

A re you a commercial farmer, a gardener or even a newbies interested in vegetable cultivation business? Then you must have your chemic...

Are you a commercial farmer, a gardener or even a newbies interested in vegetable cultivation business? Then you must have your chemical/fertilizer application hand book at the onset of the season.  If you don’t, then you aren’t really prepared for business. Waiting for challenges before acting might not be funny as vegetables are highly susceptible to diseases and pest.
Due to the nature of my work, I have seen and interacted with both local and educated farmers and I see many aren’t prepared and are often blind to what and what to use at commencement of cultivation, they only think of this when there is/are challenge(s). Therefore, through my years of valuable experiences in vegetable cultivation, I have developed this simple protocol for wet season vegetable production. Please, do note
that in using this for dry season cultivation, there would be little adjustment.
1. Pesticide Application:
The first thing that would come to a newbies’ mind when he/she heard the word pest is insect. Well, if you think so, you aren’t far from the answer. A pest ranges from insect, to other destructive arthropods (Insect family) like spider mite, aphids, caterpillars etc, birds, rodents, wild animals and even weeds. Yes, I mean weeds.

Weeds control: Before you transplant your veggies from your nursery and even for those that require direct planting, you must prepare your field by getting rid of the weeds. In this case, you would need to spray an herbicide if you aren’t going to do manual weeding. So, you could decide to spray contact herbicide (e.g active ingredient- Paraquat), or systemic herbicide (e.g active ingredient –Glyphosate). Both are post emergence herbicide. You could as well decide to use pre-emergence herbicide but that must be after the beds have been made. In order word, let it be the last thing you would do before transplanting/direct planting proper. Remember that it is important you pay attention to the instruction written on the label of the herbicide particularly the pre-emergence herbicide as they are crop specific. Don’t use wrong pre-emergence herbicide for your veggies of choice otherwise; you end up killing or affecting their germination/growth adversely. Also, pay attention to the number of days you are expected to allow before transplanting/direct planting after you must have used pre-emergence herbicide.
After your crops are on the field, you could decide to use herbicide to weed the field particularly the walk-through. In this case, you use ONLY contact herbicide gently very early in the morning without allowing it to touch your crop. This can be repeated every 2 weeks depending on the level of growth rate of your weeds. Please, do get rid of weeds few days at worse after their germination, not doing so will affect the yield of your crops among other things.

Insect/Arthropod control:  Depending on your vegetable crop type, you would need insecticide/acaricide to take care of insect attack. In case of tomato for example, you hardly have insect issues during the wet season except on two occasions: when they are still seedlings and when they are fruiting (fruit worm problems). For other veggies like cucumbers, melon and watermelons, you could also experience fruit worm problem during fruiting stage and defoliation during seedling period. On the other hand some veggies do have serious defoliation problem; Okra being at the top of the list and host of other leafy veggies like cabbage, lettuce etc.
For those that are prone to insect attack as explained above, please apply (spray) both narrow and broad spectrum family insecticide whether of   contact or systemic insecticide properties every 1 week and 2-3 weeks respectively. For the one without serious insect issues as explained above, wait till you see a sign of attack before use but notwithstanding, have your insecticide handy. 
Please click Understanding the Use of Pesticide to know more about pesticide and usage. 

2. Fungicide/Nematicide Application:
If there is any challenge you must experience during the wet season on your veggies farm, it is fungi infection. This is because; fungi often thrive during period with high humidity when the leave surfaces would be persistently wet. Therefore, do not wait for signs of infection before application. You can use both contact and systemic fungicide interchangeably every 2 weeks. However, you should try to reapply after each heavy rainfall even if it is not up to 1 week the last time you applied as heavy rainfall often washes or dilute the fungicide presence on/within the vegetable leaves.
Also note that it is good you interchange fungicide used one after the other as this would give you a better protection against diseases. There are fungicide with the following active ingredients; Carbendazim (contact), Macozeb (systemic), Metalaxy (systemic), Copper based (both) etc.
As for nematodes, you can apply nematicide mixed with your soil fertilizer.
You may also read: A to Z on tomato nursery preparation

3. Fertilizer Application:
If you really want the best out of your veggies and you aren’t practicing organic farming, then you must you inorganic fertilizer in addition to manure. At transplanting/direct planting stage, use NPK as basal application (10g/stand). After 2-3 weeks of transplanting/direct planting, use NPK as side dressing for fruit veggies or only ammonium base fertilizer like urea for leafy veggies.
At the onset of flowering, you can use SSP (single super phosphate) mixed with Potassium Nitrate for fruit veggies as side dressing and Urea for leafy veggies. After every major harvest, you could use SSP plus Potassium Nitrate as side dressing.
To have the best of performance, please spray folia fertilizer every 2-3 weeks from transplanting to harvesting. Remember, leafy veggies only require ammonium based fertilizer like urea except the first application during transplanting.
I hope you have gained from this article, do encourage us to leave comment behind as the case may be. Should you have any question or comment, do drop such below to receive response from experts around the globe.
Please Note: A detailed Fertilizer/Agrochemical e-workbook is available but at a token fee. Please contact us for request and read more on it by clicking Vegetable Ebooks or watch Video on Commercial Tomato Production







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HYBRID VEGGIES : AGROCHEMICAL APPLICATION/FERTILIZER PROTOCOL FOR TOMATO AND OTHER VEGGIES IN WET SEASON
AGROCHEMICAL APPLICATION/FERTILIZER PROTOCOL FOR TOMATO AND OTHER VEGGIES IN WET SEASON
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